长毛兔养殖现状

　　Current situation of breeding long haired rabbits

　　1.毛兔品种培育。(1)毛兔市场需求。目前兔毛产品，纺高支纱、做轻薄产品是个方向。一方面符合服装向轻薄化发展的潮流，另外也易于解决原兔毛产品存在的掉毛、起球、缩水三大难题，因此对细度的要求较高。(2)培育适合市场的兔毛品种。通过调研发现，目前养殖的长毛兔，细毛细度偏粗，多为16～17微米，因此，对毛兔的培育不能将只放在提高产量上，而应根据产品的需要综合考虑。对毛长的要求比细度要低些，毛长3～4厘米的兔毛，即可满足纺纱的要求，而毛长2厘米左右的兔毛可以用来与棉进行混纺。

　　1. Cultivation of rabbit breeds. (1) The market demand for rabbits. At present, spinning high count yarn and making lightweight products are the directions for rabbit hair products. On the one hand, it conforms to the trend of clothing development towards lightness and thinness, and on the other hand, it is easy to solve the three major problems of shedding, pilling, and shrinkage in original rabbit hair products, so the requirement for fineness is relatively high. (2) Cultivate rabbit hair breeds suitable for the market. Through research, it has been found that the fine hair fineness of the currently cultivated long haired rabbits is relatively coarse, mostly 16-17 microns. Therefore, the cultivation of long haired rabbits should not only focus on increasing yield, but should be comprehensively considered according to the needs of the product. The requirement for hair length is lower than fineness. Rabbit hair with a hair length of 3-4 centimeters can meet the spinning requirements, while rabbit hair with a hair length of about 2 centimeters can be blended with cotton.

　　2.养毛期的确定。长毛兔的养毛期要根据毛纺市场的需求灵活掌握。果勇养殖场对不同养毛期兔毛生长速度和纤维细度进行了测定，结果表明，兔毛前期生长速度(1～20天)超过1毫米/天，以后的生长速度逐渐减慢。50天养毛期，兔毛长度可达到35毫米，60天接近40毫米，70天背部兔毛可达到50毫米。实际生产中可根据各地不同的气候特点及市场需求，适当调整养毛期，晚春早夏季节，采用50～70天的养毛期，兔毛可达到纺织要求。

　　2. Determination of hair growth period. The breeding period of long haired rabbits should be flexibly controlled according to the demand of the wool textile market. The Guoyong breeding farm measured the growth rate and fiber fineness of rabbit hair at different feeding stages. The results showed that the growth rate of rabbit hair in the early stage (1-20 days) exceeded 1 mm/day, and the growth rate gradually slowed down thereafter. During the 50 day hair raising period, the length of rabbit hair can reach 35 millimeters, approaching 40 millimeters after 60 days, and reaching 50 millimeters on the back after 70 days. In actual production, the wool raising period can be adjusted appropriately according to the different climatic characteristics and market demands in various regions. From late spring to early summer, a wool raising period of 50-70 days can be adopted, and rabbit hair can meet textile requirements.

　　3.饲料现状。目前在生产过程中使用的大宗饲料原料主要为玉米、饼粕类、农作物秸秆和部分工业副产品等，随着工业用玉米用量的增加和畜牧业发展对饲料原料需求的增加，养殖业面临饲料上涨、饲料来源紧张和饲料质量难以控制的问题，特别是粗饲料，很难满足长毛兔生产的需要，因此，必须开发非常规饲料。

　　3. Current situation of feed. At present, the main bulk feed materials used in the production process are corn, cake, crop straw, and some industrial by-products. With the increase in industrial corn consumption and the growing demand for feed materials in animal husbandry, the breeding industry is facing problems such as rising feed prices, tight feed sources, and difficult control of feed quality, especially coarse feed, which is difficult to meet the production needs of long haired rabbits. Therefore, unconventional feed must be developed.

　　(1)食用菌菌渣。菌渣为食用菌产菇后的废料，食用菌栽培原料经微生物发酵后，部分物质被降解，可适当添加用作畜禽饲料。在兔饲料中添加10%～15%，可在不影响生产性能的情况下减少饲料成本。比如金针菇菌渣与小麦麸皮相比，粗蛋白略低，粗纤维含量接近，但菌渣为有益菌发酵产品，含有更多的菌体蛋白和非蛋白氮，更适宜兔的消化和利用，可完全替代小麦麸皮。但由于新鲜菌渣含水量高达40%以上，生产中必须在良好天气情况下将新鲜菌渣快速晒干或烘干，以减少霉变，限制了新鲜菌渣的开发利用，可添加菌渣时适当添加脱霉剂。

　　(1) Edible mushroom residue. Mushroom residue is the waste material produced by edible fungi after mushroom production. After microbial fermentation, some substances in the cultivation materials of edible fungi are degraded and can be appropriately added as livestock and poultry feed. Adding 10% to 15% to rabbit feed can reduce feed costs without affecting production performance. For example, compared to wheat bran, the residue of Flammulina velutipes has slightly lower crude protein and similar crude fiber content. However, the residue is a beneficial bacterial fermentation product, containing more bacterial protein and non protein nitrogen, which is more suitable for digestion and utilization by rabbits and can completely replace wheat bran. However, due to the high water content of over 40% in fresh mushroom residue, it is necessary to quickly dry or dry the residue in good weather conditions during production to reduce mold growth, which limits the development and utilization of fresh mushroom residue. Therefore, it is recommended to add appropriate mold removers when adding mushroom residue.

　　(2)苹果粕。苹果粕是采用、新鲜苹果，经挑选、清洗、压榨、烘干、粉碎精制而成的一种、绿色饲料。小兔饲料可添加5%～8%，大兔饲料可添加10%～20%。(3)松针粉。松针粉是由马尾松等树种的针叶经过一系列工艺加工而成的，在毛兔饲料中添加5%，可明显增加毛密度，提高产毛量10%左右。

　　(2) Apple pulp. Apple pulp is a pure natural and green feed made from high-quality, fresh apples that have been selected, cleaned, pressed, dried, crushed, and refined. Small rabbit feed can be supplemented with 5% to 8%, while large rabbit feed can be supplemented with 10% to 20%. (3) Pine needle powder. Pine needle powder is made by processing the needles of tree species such as Pinus massoniana through a series of processes. Adding 5% to rabbit feed can significantly increase hair density and increase hair production by about 10%.

　　本文由  蒙阴长毛兔  友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  http://www.myxinhua.com/  真诚的态度.为您提供为的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

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