在兔子的世界里，有一个品种以其惊人的毛量和蓬松的外形独树一帜——它就是安哥拉兔（Angora Rabbit）。这种被网友戏称为“草泥兔”的小动物，凭借一身浓密细长的毛发和温顺可爱的性格，从古老的毛用动物一路走进了现代家庭的怀抱，成为宠物界备受瞩目的明星。

In the world of rabbits, there is a breed that stands out with its astonishing amount of fur and fluffy appearance - the Angora Rabbit. This small animal, jokingly referred to as the "grass mud rabbit" by netizens, has become a highly anticipated star in the pet industry due to its thick and slender fur and gentle and cute personality. It has evolved from an ancient fur animal into the embrace of modern families.

安哥拉兔的起源之谜

The mystery of the origin of Angora rabbits

关于安哥拉兔的起源，今流传着两种说法。根据国际ARBA组织的数据记载，它源于土耳其的安哥拉省（今安卡拉）。另一种说法则认为安哥拉兔起源于英国，后期由法国人培育而成，因其毛细长、形似安哥拉山羊，故得此名。无论哪种说法更接近历史真相，可以确定的是，这种古老的长毛兔品种早在18世纪就已进入人类视野——1734年，英国发现了白色长毛兔的突变种。18世纪中期，法国王室将其作为宠物饲养，安哥拉兔由此在18世纪末风靡欧洲。20世纪初，安哥拉兔传入美国；1926年，它正式进入。

There are two theories about the origin of Angora rabbits that have been passed down to this day. According to the data records of the international ARBA organization, it originated from Angola Province in Türkiye (today Ankara). Another theory suggests that the Angora rabbit originated in England and was later cultivated by the French. It was named after its slender fur and resemblance to Angora goats. Regardless of which statement is closer to the historical truth, it can be confirmed that this ancient long haired rabbit breed had already entered human vision as early as the 18th century - in 1734, a mutant of the white long haired rabbit was first discovered in England. In the mid-18th century, the French royal family kept Angora rabbits as pets, and Angora rabbits became popular in Europe at the end of the 18th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, Angora rabbits were introduced to the United States; In 1926, it officially entered China.

五大品系各具特色

The five major product lines each have their own characteristics

安哥拉兔大致可分为五个品系：英系安哥拉兔、法系安哥拉兔、德系安哥拉兔、缎毛安哥拉兔和巨型安哥拉兔。尽管各品系之间存在细微差别，但它们拥有鲜明的共同特征：除了面部一小部分外，几乎全身都长满浓密的丝状毛发，耳朵呈V形，顶端带有流苏般的饰毛，眼睛圆而大。毛色丰富多样，有白、黑、灰、金黄、蓝、朱古力、深褐、浅紫等。

Angora rabbits can be roughly divided into five strains: English Angora rabbits, French Angora rabbits, German Angora rabbits, satin Angora rabbits, and giant Angora rabbits. Although there are subtle differences between different strains, they share distinct common features: except for a small part of the face, almost the entire body is covered in dense filamentous hair, the ears are V-shaped, with tassel like embellishments at the top, and the eyes are round and large. The fur color is rich and diverse, including white, black, gray, golden, blue, chocolate, dark brown, light purple, etc.

其中，德系安哥拉兔以体型大、生长发育快、产毛量高著称，全身被毛洁白浓密且有毛丛结构，绒毛呈均匀的波浪弯曲。成年公兔体重约4.5千克，母兔约4.9千克，年产毛量公兔可达1000克，母兔1200克，可超1300克。法系安哥拉兔则更耐粗饲，毛质优良，繁殖性能高，其与德系的主要区别在于头部、面部和耳朵无毛，耳朵大而厚。英系安哥拉兔是的宠物品种之一，体型相对较小，毛质柔软如丝。

Among them, the German Angora rabbit is known for its large body size, fast growth and development, and high hair production. Its entire body is covered with white and dense fur with a tuft structure, and its fur is evenly wavy and curved. Adult male rabbits weigh about 4.5 kilograms and female rabbits weigh about 4.9 kilograms. The annual wool production of male rabbits can reach 1000 grams and female rabbits can reach 1200 grams, with a maximum of over 1300 grams. French Angora rabbits are more tolerant to coarse feeding, have excellent fur quality, and high reproductive performance. The main difference between them and German rabbits is that their head, face, and ears are hairless, and their ears are large and thick. The English Angora rabbit is one of the most popular pet breeds, with a relatively small body size and soft silky fur.

毛用价值与全球贸易

The Value of Wool and Global Trade

安哥拉兔是世界上的毛用型兔品种，在我国俗称为长毛兔。其兔毛直径仅约11微米，比开司米更加纤细柔软。毛长可达三寸以上，一年可采毛三五次。兔毛可制作纺织面料，但因带电性较强，纺织加工存在一定难度。

The Angora rabbit is the most famous breed of hairy rabbit in the world, commonly known as the long haired rabbit in China. Its rabbit hair diameter is only about 11 microns, finer and softer than cashmere. Hair can grow up to three inches in length and can be harvested three to five times a year. Rabbit hair can be used to make high-end textile fabrics, but due to its strong electrical conductivity, there are certain difficulties in textile processing.

全球对兔毛的需求量相当可观。2010年，意大利进口兔毛950吨，德国约500吨。日本自1965年起成为世界的兔毛进口国之一。香港和澳门的毛纺工业十分发达，年出口兔毛衫约占世界贸易量的三分之一。

The global demand for rabbit hair is considerable. In 2010, Italy imported 950 tons of rabbit hair and Germany imported approximately 500 tons. Japan has been one of the world's largest importers of rabbit fur since 1965. The wool textile industry in Hong Kong and Macau is highly developed, with annual exports of rabbit hair sweaters accounting for about one-third of the world's trade volume.

从古老的安哥拉省到现代的全球家庭，安哥拉兔用一身蓬松的毛发书写了跨越三个世纪的传奇。它既是纺织工业的原材料来源，更是无数家庭中那个安静、温顺、让人忍不住想抱一抱的“活毛球”。

From the ancient province of Angola to modern global households, Angora rabbits have written legends spanning three centuries with their fluffy fur. It is not only the source of raw materials for the textile industry, but also the quiet, gentle, and irresistible "living ball" in countless families.