在实际生产过程当中，总会有一些兔子会因为这样或那样的原因而出现某些部位生长发育不协调，甚是先天性的生长缺陷。而这一现象通常是由于遗传因素所导致的。只是这些遗传缺陷发生的几率比较低而已。

　　In the actual production process, there will always be some rabbits that may experience growth and development disorders in certain parts, or even congenital growth defects, due to various reasons. And this phenomenon is usually caused by genetic factors. It's just that the probability of these genetic defects occurring is relatively low.

　　长毛兔

　　Long haired rabbit

　　1.水肿眼：患病兔子眼睛圆睁，突出如牛眼。2-3周龄后，眼球变大且有清楚的角膜，或是出现青色的云雾状，随后角膜逐渐变得扁平、浑浊，眼球突出，并发结膜炎，视力明显衰退。患有此病的公兔性欲减退，精液品质下降。“牛眼”畸形是由位于常染色体上的隐性基因bu所致。有人发现，当饲料中提高维生素a的水平时，“牛眼”基因的外显率降低，因此“牛眼”可能是由于bu基因阻碍了β- 胡萝卜素转化为维生素a的过程而发生的。兔的“牛眼”崎形多见于白化体兔中，在我国则多见于安哥拉兔和大耳白兔。

　　1. Edema eyes: The diseased rabbit's eyes are wide open and protruding like cow's eyes. After 2-3 weeks of age, the eyeballs become larger and have clear corneas, or appear as blue clouds and mist. Subsequently, the corneas gradually become flattened and cloudy, the eyeballs protrude, and conjunctivitis occurs, leading to a significant decline in vision. Male rabbits suffering from this disease have decreased libido and decreased semen quality. The "bull's eye" malformation is caused by a recessive gene bu located on the autosome. It has been found that when the level of vitamin A in feed is increased, the penetrance of the "bovine eye" gene decreases. Therefore, "bovine eye" may occur due to the obstruction of the conversion of beta carotene to vitamin A by the bu gene. The "bull's eye" shape of rabbits is more common in albino rabbits, and in China, it is more common in Angora rabbits and large eared white rabbits.

　　2.下颌颌突崎形：这种畸形的特点是下颌向前移位，上下门齿间咬合错位，结果门齿只生长而不磨损，上门齿向口腔内卷曲生长，下门齿因卷曲度小于上门齿而伸出唇外。下颌颌突畸形，可以由环境和遗传原因所引起，遗传原因是由于常染色体隐性基因mp的作用所致，使脊椎骨和颅底骨异常生长，导致下颌向前移位，病兔采食困难，如不及时修剪，会因饥饿而死亡。

　　2. Mandibular protrusion and malocclusion: The characteristic of this deformity is the forward displacement of the lower jaw, the misalignment of the upper and lower incisors, resulting in the incisors only growing without wear. The first upper incisor curls and grows into the oral cavity, while the lower incisor protrudes out of the lip due to its smaller curvature than the upper incisor. Mandibular protrusion deformity can be caused by environmental and genetic factors. Genetic factors are due to the action of the autosomal recessive gene mp, which causes abnormal growth of vertebrae and skull base bones, leading to mandibular displacement and difficulty in feeding in diseased rabbits. If not trimmed in time, they may die of hunger.

　　3.八字腿：所谓“八字腿”是指病兔的四肢不能收腹下，行走时腹部着地，无力站立，轻者可作短距离滑行，重者多呈瘫痪状态。引起“八字腿”畸形的遗传因素今尚未弄清，有待进一步研究，但可以肯定这种畸形属于常染色体隐性遗传所致。

　　3. Bazi Leg: The so-called "Bazi Leg" refers to the condition where the limbs of a sick rabbit cannot be retracted to below the abdomen, and when walking, the abdomen touches the ground, making it unable to stand. Mild cases can perform short distance gliding, while severe cases often result in paralysis. The genetic factors that cause the deformity of "eight character legs" are still unclear and require further research, but it can be confirmed that this deformity is caused by autosomal recessive inheritance.

　　要避免遗传缺陷，还是要避免不正当繁殖

　　To avoid genetic defects, the first step is to prevent improper reproduction

　　4.“划水”崎形：这是指兔子在行走时的一种姿势。病兔在2-3周龄前与正常兔完全相似，随后即可观察到前肢逐渐向内弯曲呈弓形，而脚爪外撇。到2-3月龄时，整个前肢形状极似海豹前肢，行走时腹部贴地，前肢向体躯两侧平伸，前后滑动，类似在水中划水游动。

　　4. "Rowing" Saki: This refers to a posture of a rabbit while walking. Sick rabbits are completely similar to normal rabbits before 2-3 weeks of age, and then it can be observed that the forelimbs gradually bend inward in an arch shape, while the claws are outward. At 2-3 months of age, the shape of the entire forelimb is very similar to that of a seal's forelimb. When walking, the abdomen is pressed against the ground, and the forelimb extends horizontally to both sides of the body, sliding back and forth, similar to swimming in water.

　　划水畸形在遗传上称遗传性远侧前肢弯曲僻形，受常染色体隐性基因fc控制。也有人认为，这种畸形可能与环境因素有关。当兔笼中的笼底板竹条方向与笼门平行时，困行条表面光滑，采食时前肢经常向两侧打滑，日久天长影响了前肢骨骼的正常生长，并损伤了前肢与有关节的正常结合，从而形成“划水”畸形。

　　Rowing deformity is genetically known as hereditary distal limb curvature and is controlled by the autosomal recessive gene fc. Some people also believe that this deformity may be related to environmental factors. When the bamboo strips on the bottom plate of the rabbit cage are parallel to the cage door, the surface of the trapping strips is smooth. During feeding, the forelimbs often slip to both sides, which affects the normal growth of the forelimb bones over time and damages the normal combination of the forelimbs and joints, resulting in a "water crossing" deformity.

　　5.抖抖病：该病早发现于德国，病兔在10-14日龄时开始出现症状，初是整个身体和头部连续地微微抖动，随着病情的加重震颤越来越厉害，当兔子处于睡眠状态时震颤随之停止，一旦受到突然惊吓，颤抖加剧;2月龄时后肢开始瘫痪，逐渐扩展到前肢，3月龄时完全瘫痪。震颤病由常染色体隐性基因tr所致。病兔常因虚弱或感染其他疾病而死亡，少量康复公兔常因精液品质下降而导致不育。

　　5. Tremor disease: This disease was first discovered in Germany, and the affected rabbits began to show symptoms at 10-14 days of age. Initially, the entire body and head trembled slightly continuously, and as the condition worsened, the tremors became more severe. When the rabbit was in a sleep state, the tremors stopped, and once suddenly startled, the tremors intensified; At 2 months of age, the hind limbs begin to become paralyzed, gradually extending to the forelimbs, and by 3 months of age, they become completely paralyzed. Tremor disease is caused by the autosomal recessive gene TR. Sick rabbits often die due to weakness or infection with other diseases, and a small number of recovered male rabbits often suffer from infertility due to decreased semen quality.

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