如何鉴定母兔发情？

　　How to identify female rabbits in estrus?

　　长毛兔养殖场：（1）、行为观察法：处于发情期的母兔常表现精神不安，食欲减少，躁动，用下颌摩擦餐具，并有叼草筑窝和隔笼观望等行为；非发情母兔则没有这些异常表现。（2）、抚触法：用手抚摸母兔时，如果母兔发情，则表现温顺，扒贴笼底，展开身子，翘起尾巴。观察外阴部，外阴部红润且有黏液。若母兔不发情，则没有这些症状。（3）试情法：若母兔发情，把母兔放在公兔笼内，母兔主动接近公兔，如公兔性欲不强，母兔会咬舔公兔，甚爬跨公兔；当公兔追逐并爬跨时，母兔愿意接受，并主动将后躯升高。若母兔不发情，放入公兔笼内，则不让交配，跑躲甚撕咬公兔，即使公兔追逐并爬跨时，母兔也不翘尾巴，用尾巴紧紧压盖外阴部。

　　Long haired rabbit breeding farm: (1) Behavioral observation method: Female rabbits in estrus often exhibit mental instability, reduced appetite, restlessness, friction of tableware with their lower jaws, and behaviors such as building nests with grass and observing from a cage; Non estrus female rabbits do not exhibit these abnormal symptoms. (2) Touch method: When touching a female rabbit with your hand, if the female rabbit is in heat, show gentleness, stick to the bottom of the cage, unfold your body, and raise your tail. Observe the external genitalia, which is red and has mucus. If the female rabbit is not in heat, then there are no such symptoms. (3) Trial method: If the female rabbit is in heat, place the female rabbit in the male rabbit cage, and the female rabbit will actively approach the male rabbit. If the male rabbit has weak sexual desire, the female rabbit will bite and lick the male rabbit, and even climb over the male rabbit; When the male rabbit chases and crawls, the female rabbit is willing to accept and actively raises her hindquarters. If the female rabbit is not in heat and is placed in a male rabbit cage, mating, running, hiding, or even biting the male rabbit is not allowed. Even when the male rabbit chases and crawls, the female rabbit does not raise its tail and tightly covers the external genitalia with its tail.

　　兔食仔怎么办？

　　What should I do with the rabbit food?

　　长毛兔养殖场：母兔分娩后出现吞食仔兔的病态，此病大部分出现在初次繁殖的青年母兔。

　　Long haired rabbit breeding farm: After delivery, female rabbits develop a pathological condition of swallowing their offspring, which mostly occurs in young female rabbits that are reproducing for the first time.

　　1、症状：母兔因营养不良，生下的仔兔有死胎时，母兔就将其吞食，养成吞食仔兔习惯。母兔产后口渴，笼内没有配备新鲜饮水或母兔分娩时受到惊吓，都会出现吞食仔兔现象。

　　1. Symptom: When a mother rabbit gives birth to a stillborn baby rabbit due to malnutrition, she swallows it and develops a habit of swallowing the baby rabbit. Postpartum thirst in female rabbits, lack of fresh water in the cage, or fright during delivery can all lead to swallowing of offspring rabbits.

　　2、防治：（1）预防此病必须保证产前充足矿物质和维生素的摄入。（2）分娩时保证充足洁净饮水，并保持兔舍安静。（3）分娩后如有死胎，应立即取出抛弃，防止母兔吞食。

　　2. Prevention and treatment: (1) To prevent this disease, it is necessary to ensure sufficient intake of minerals and vitamins before delivery. (2) Ensure sufficient and clean drinking water during delivery, and keep the rabbit house quiet. (3) If there is a stillbirth after delivery, it should be immediately removed and discarded to prevent the mother rabbit from swallowing it.

　　如何有效防止球虫病？

　　How to effectively prevent coccidiosis?

　　长毛兔养殖场：兔球虫病也属传染性疾病，在预防方面一般新养兔场、户认识不到位，自认为只要兔场没有兔球虫病的发生就不必预防，这是一种错误的观念，兔球虫病一旦发生，成功率远远低于预防成功率。预防方法：①使用兔球速杀，按照每百斤饲料/饮水每半袋混饲或者混饮。②使用球舒康（妥曲珠利溶液）混饮③注射兔球绝杀，每kg体重0.2毫升。症状：病兔伴有奔跑、下痢、尖叫或精神不振，肚皮发青，少食或不食，部分因肠球虫发病兔子可能会出现腹胀。：兔球虫病发生后可以使用预防方案的①③加一倍药量进行，成功率约为60%，所以还是以预防为主为佳，其成功率可高达90-95%。

　　Long haired rabbit breeding farm: Rabbit coccidiosis is also an infectious disease. In terms of prevention, new rabbit farms and households generally do not have sufficient understanding. They believe that as long as there is no occurrence of rabbit coccidiosis in the rabbit farm, there is no need to prevent it. This is a wrong concept. Once rabbit coccidiosis occurs, the success rate of treatment is much lower than that of prevention. Prevention method: ① Use rabbit balls to kill quickly, and mix feed/water in half bags per 100 pounds of feed/water. ② Mix Qiu Shu Kang (Tuo Qu Zhu Li solution) with injection of rabbit balls for ultimate kill, 0.2 milliliters per kg body weight. Symptoms: The sick rabbit is accompanied by running, diarrhea, screaming or lack of energy, with a blue belly, eating little or no food, and some rabbits may experience bloating due to intestinal coccidiosis. Treatment: After the occurrence of rabbit coccidiosis, the combination of ① and ③ preventive measures and double the dosage can be used for treatment, with a success rate of about 60%. Therefore, prevention is still the best approach, with a success rate of up to 90-95%.

　　长毛兔患有剪毛虫，毛大片大片脱落，怎样防治？

　　Long haired rabbits suffer from shearing caterpillars, and their fur falls off in large patches. How to prevent and treat it?

　　长毛兔养殖场：剪毛虫病目前还没有药物，主要靠平时的管理，并注意防虫灭鼠，兔舍、兔笼及用具和兔体保持清洁，注意通风换气，定期。经常检查兔被毛及皮肤状态，发现病兔立即淘汰。对兔群禁喂霉变草料，并补充含维生素A 较多的胡萝卜和青绿饲料，对用具熏蒸或液浸泡，地面可用20%的石灰水。需要注意的是本病亦可传染人，尽量减少直接接触。本病诱发因素多是兔营养不良、环境条件较差，兔舍和兔笼比较脏、舍内潮湿和高湿热及蚊虫叮咬；通风不良，饲槽、饮水器、兔笼、垫草等发生霉变时也易引发。本病不分年龄阶段，大小兔一年四季都可发生，但主要传播途径是兔直接接触或用具的相互交叉使用以及蚊虫的叮咬。一般方法是先把患部的兔毛剪掉，再用肥皂水或家用消洗灵洗拭，然后用碘酊涂擦；同时口服灰黄霉素，每天每次50毫克，连用15天。对兔笼、兔舍、地面及用具用5%烧碱水，彻底净化环境，有条件的对兔体进行。

　　Long haired rabbit breeding farm: Currently, there is no specific drug treatment for caterpillar disease. It mainly relies on daily management and attention to pest and rodent control. Rabbit houses, cages, equipment, and rabbit bodies should be kept clean, ventilated, and regularly disinfected. Regularly check the fur and skin condition of rabbits, and immediately eliminate any diseased rabbits. Prohibit feeding moldy forage to rabbit herds, and supplement carrots and green feed with high vitamin A content. Fumigate or soak utensils in disinfectant solution, and disinfect the ground with 20% lime water. It should be noted that this disease can also be transmitted to humans, so direct contact should be minimized as much as possible. The triggering factors of this disease are often malnutrition in rabbits, poor environmental conditions, dirty rabbit houses and cages, damp and high humidity inside the houses, and mosquito bites; Poor ventilation can also lead to mold growth in feeding troughs, water dispensers, rabbit cages, and bedding. This disease is not classified by age, and can occur in rabbits of all sizes throughout the year. However, the main transmission routes are direct contact with rabbits, cross use of utensils, and mosquito bites. The general treatment method is to first cut off the rabbit hair from the affected area, then wash it with soapy water or household disinfectant, and then apply iodine tincture; Simultaneously take orally oxytetracycline, 50 milligrams per day, for 15 consecutive days. Disinfect rabbit cages, rabbit houses, floors, and utensils with 5% caustic soda water to thoroughly purify the environment, and disinfect rabbit bodies if conditions permit.

　　兔饲料咋加工？

　　How is rabbit feed processed?

　　长毛兔养殖场：炒香料： 将高粱、玉米及豆类等炒后粉碎，这样能提高适口性和消化率，增加家兔采食量。 粉碎：高粱、玉米、燕麦、大麦等饲料，喂兔前必须粉碎，以提高消化率，生喂或鲜喂。碱化：秸秆或谷秕等饲料，放在缸里或水泥池里，用1%～2%的石灰水浸泡1～2天，捞出用清水洗净，并稍许阴干即可喂兔。

　　Long haired rabbit breeding farm: Stir fry spices: Grind sorghum, corn, beans, etc. after stir frying, which can improve palatability and digestibility, and increase the feed intake of rabbits. Grinding: Sorghum, corn, oats, barley and other feed must be ground before feeding to rabbits to improve digestion rate, preferably raw or fresh. Alkalization: Feed such as straw or chaff is placed in a tank or cement pool, soaked in 1% to 2% lime water for 1-2 days, removed and washed with clean water, and slightly dried in the shade before feeding to rabbits.

　　如何预防母兔乳房炎？

　　How to prevent mastitis in female rabbits?

　　长毛兔养殖场：乳房炎是母兔一种常见多发病，与饲养管理、草料营养等有关，欲彻底本病，应做到以下几点：1.保持笼舍洁净卫生，定期，垫草柔软，硬物钩刺，防止刺伤乳房而致病。2.定期注射葡萄球菌疫苗，一年3次，4个月不可延期断档。3.产仔前后3-5天开始减料，供足饮水，补充青料，此后逐渐恢复。同时口服优、苏打片等，防患于未然。4.母兔饲料、环境应相对固定，不宜突然更换，否则，对母兔虽影响不大，但乳质却有变化。发现疾患，及时，同时降低草料营养，调整乳质。另外肌注青霉素、鱼腥草或口服优、苏打片等。5.对屡患乳房炎和病情严重的母兔，建议淘汰处理。

　　Long haired rabbit breeding farm: Mastitis is a common and frequently occurring disease in female rabbits, which is related to feeding management, forage nutrition, etc. To completely eliminate this disease, the following points should be achieved: 1. Keep the cage clean and hygienic, regularly disinfect, pad the grass soft, eliminate hard object hooks and thorns, and prevent puncturing the breasts and causing disease. 2. Regular injection of Staphylococcus aureus vaccine, 3 times a year, with a 4-month non renewable interval. 3. Starting 3-5 days before and after giving birth, reduce food intake, provide sufficient drinking water, supplement with green food, and gradually recover thereafter. At the same time, take oral antibiotics, soda tablets, etc. to prevent problems before they occur. 4. The feed and environment for female rabbits should be relatively fixed and should not be changed suddenly. Otherwise, although the impact on female rabbits is not significant, there will be changes in milk quality. Discover diseases, seek timely treatment, while reducing grass nutrition and adjusting milk quality. In addition, intramuscular injection of penicillin, Houttuynia cordata or oral administration of antibacterial agents, soda tablets, etc. 5. It is recommended to eliminate female rabbits with recurrent mastitis and severe conditions.