影响长毛兔产毛性能的因素与对策

　　Factors and Countermeasures Affecting the Hair Production Performance of Long haired Rabbits

　　1品种

　　1 variety

　　长毛兔品种与产毛性能有着密切关系。据测定,产毛量的遗传力很高,即越是优良的高产长毛兔品种,其后代的产毛量就越高。因此,选养长毛兔种时一定要选优良的巨型高产长毛兔，体重在4千克以上，年产毛量在1500克以上

　　The breed of long haired rabbits is closely related to their wool production performance. According to measurements, the heritability of hair production is high, meaning that the higher the quality of high-yield long haired rabbit breeds, the higher the hair production of their offspring. Therefore, when choosing a breed of long haired rabbit, it is necessary to choose excellent giant high-yielding long haired rabbits with a weight of over 4 kilograms and an annual hair production of over 1500 grams

　　2年龄

　　2 years old

　　长毛兔从3月龄开始，产毛量随年龄的增长而增加，到16月龄之后则随年龄增长而呈下降趋势，年下降幅度为10%~15%,公兔比母兔更明显。因此,兔群结构中要多留青、壮年兔,及时淘汰老龄兔,其利用年限为3年左右。

　　Starting from 3 months of age, the hair production of long haired rabbits increases with age, and after 16 months of age, it shows a decreasing trend with age, with an annual decrease of 10% to 15%. Male rabbits are more pronounced than female rabbits. Therefore, in the rabbit population structure, more young and middle-aged rabbits should be retained, and elderly rabbits should be eliminated in a timely manner, with a utilization period of about 3 years.

　　3性别

　　3 Gender

　　据生产实践,公母兔的产毛量有很大差别。一般母兔产毛量比公兔高25%~30%,去势公兔比不去势公兔高7%~10%。因此,长毛兔生产场(户)要多养母兔,少养公兔。

　　According to production practice, there is a significant difference in hair production between male and female rabbits. Generally, female rabbits produce 25% to 30% more hair than male rabbits, and castrated male rabbits produce 7% to 10% more hair than non castrated male rabbits. Therefore, long haired rabbit production farms (households) should raise more female rabbits and fewer male rabbits.

　　4 兔毛密度

　　4 rabbit hair density

　　兔毛密度与产毛量呈正相关,兔毛密度以肩胛部和臀部。这两个部位的产毛量与兔体产毛量呈极显著正相关。所以,选择良种长毛免时要注意对这些部位的观察。

　　The density of rabbit hair is positively correlated with hair production, with the highest density in the scapula and buttocks. The hair production of these two parts is significantly positively correlated with the hair production of the rabbit body. So, when choosing high-quality long haired haircuts, attention should be paid to observing these parts.

　　5 季节和温度

　　5 seasons and temperature

　　夏季(6-9月),由于外界气温高,长毛兔采食量下降.会明显影响兔毛生长;12月翌年4月，因外界气温低，免毛生长速度加快,产毛量增加。一般冬季产毛量比夏季高5%左右。因此,有条件进行环境控制的免舍,应适当控制温度,以促进免毛生长。

　　In summer (June September), due to high external temperatures, the feed intake of long haired rabbits decreases It will significantly affect the growth of rabbit hair; From December to April of the following year, due to low external temperatures, the growth rate of hairless plants accelerates and the yield of hairless plants increases. Generally, the hair production in winter is about 5% higher than that in summer. Therefore, for those who have the conditions for environmental control, the temperature should be appropriately controlled to promote hair growth.

　　6兔毛长度与剪毛间隔

　　6. Rabbit hair length and shearing interval

　　长毛兔的被毛生长到一定程度如不及时剪毛,兔毛生长速度就会变慢,所以适当缩短剪毛时间,有助于提高产毛量。一般夏季可60~70天剪毛1次,冬季80-90天剪毛1次。

　　If the fur of long haired rabbits is not trimmed in time, the growth rate of rabbit fur will slow down. Therefore, shortening the trimming time appropriately can help improve hair production. Generally, shearing can be done once every 60-70 days in summer and once every 80-90 days in winter.

　　7采毛方法

　　7 methods of hair harvesting

　　常用的采毛方法有两种，一种是剪毛，一种是拔毛。试验证明,采用拔毛技术,可促进毛兔的血液循环,刺激兔毛快速生长,粗毛含量比剪毛法提高6%~10%。拔毛在春秋冬季进行,每2个月拔毛1次。8 88繁殖

　　There are two commonly used methods for picking hair, one is shearing and the other is plucking. Experimental results have shown that the use of plucking technique can promote blood circulation in rabbits, stimulate rapid hair growth, and increase the coarse hair content by 6% to 10% compared to the shearing method. It is best to pluck hair in spring, autumn, and winter, once every two months. 88 Reproduction

　　母免的繁殖率与产毛量呈负相关，即繁殖率越高,产毛量越低。要解决这一矛盾，可在母兔交配当天进行剪毛，公兔要相隔8-9周后剪毛。常用配种的公兔在兔毛长度达到3厘米时就要进行剪毛。

　　The reproductive rate of maternal immunity is negatively correlated with hair production, meaning that the higher the reproductive rate, the lower the hair production. To resolve this contradiction, haircuts can be performed on the day of mating for female rabbits, while for male rabbits, haircuts should be done 8-9 weeks apart. Male rabbits commonly used for breeding need to undergo shearing when their fur reaches a length of 3 centimeters.

　　9营养

　　9 Nutrients

　　9.1蛋白质 日粮中供给充足的蛋白质和氨基酸有利于提高其产毛量。氨基酸中,谷氨酸对促进兔毛生长的作用,其次是胱氨酸,对兔毛生长起重要作用的还有蛋氨酸和精氨酸。因此,蛋白质和氨基酸是保证长毛兔生长和免毛产量的重要条件。9.2脂肪 脂肪是兔体的重要组成成分,亚麻油二烯酸、亚麻酸、二十四碳烯酸都是长毛兔的必需脂肪酸,对兔毛质量和光泽有明显影响，脂肪充足的饲料，适口性也增加，并促进脂溶性维生素的吸收,有利于长毛兔的正常生长发育。9.3日粮采毛后第1个月,每只兔应供料190~210克，第2个月供料170~180克，第3个月供料140~150克,以促进兔毛正常生长。

　　Adequate supply of protein and amino acids in a protein diet is beneficial for increasing hair production. Among amino acids, glutamic acid has the greatest effect on promoting rabbit hair growth, followed by cysteine. Methionine and arginine also play important roles in rabbit hair growth. Therefore, protein and amino acids are important conditions for ensuring the growth and wool free yield of long haired rabbits. 9.2 Fatty acids are important components of the rabbit body, including alpha linolenic acid, alpha linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, which are essential fatty acids for long haired rabbits. They have a significant impact on the quality and luster of rabbit hair. A diet with sufficient fat also increases palatability and promotes the absorption of fat soluble vitamins, which is beneficial for the normal growth and development of long haired rabbits. 9.3 After the first month of wool harvesting, each rabbit should be fed 190-210 grams, 170-180 grams in the second month, and 140-150 grams in the third month to promote normal hair growth.

　　10管理

　　10 Management

　　饲喂长毛兔的饲料、饮水、槽具要卫生清洁,要规范饲养管理程序,创造良好饲养环境。长毛兔有夜间采食的习惯,应抓好夜间饲喂,满足营养需要。

　　The feed, drinking water, and troughs for feeding long haired rabbits should be hygienic and clean, and the feeding management procedures should be standardized to create a good feeding environment. Long haired rabbits have a habit of feeding at night and should pay attention to feeding at night to meet their nutritional needs.

　　11提高产毛量的方法11.1补充蛋氨酸 日粮中添加0.2%~0.3%蛋氨酸，可提高产毛量6%~27%。11.2添加微量元素每100克日粮中添加1%兔毛生长添加剂(硫酸锌0.3克、硫酸钢0.3克、硫酸亚铁0.33克、氯化钠0.07克)可提高产毛量20%左右。11.3添加维生素 长毛兔剪毛后12天，每天每只肌注VBa250毫克,连用2-~3天,或内服VB:1/4片,或喂服鱼肝油3~5天,可提高产毛量15%。

　　11 Methods to increase wool yield 11.1 Adding 0.2% to 0.3% methionine to a supplemented methionine diet can increase wool yield by 6% to 27%. Adding 1% rabbit hair growth additive (0.3 grams of zinc sulfate, 0.3 grams of steel sulfate, 0.33 grams of ferrous sulfate, 0.07 grams of sodium chloride) to every 100 grams of diet can increase hair production by about 20%. 11.3 Adding vitamins: After shearing the fur of long haired rabbits for 12 days, intramuscular injection of VBa250 milligrams per day for 2-3 days, or oral administration of VB:1/4 tablets, or feeding of cod liver oil for 3-5 days, can increase hair production by 15%.

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