长毛兔饲养管理质量直接影响兔毛生产性能，为获得兔毛，需尽可能提高长毛兔的饲养管理水平，以免受到不当饲养行为的影响而使长毛兔出现品种退化、发育不良、产毛量下降的问题。因此，长毛兔养殖人员应以饲养为核心，构建一套行之有效的管理技术体系，通过提高饲养管理质量确保长毛兔养殖效益。

　　The quality of feeding and management of long haired rabbits directly affects the production performance of rabbit hair. In order to obtain high-quality rabbit hair, it is necessary to improve the feeding and management level of long haired rabbits as much as possible, so as to avoid the problems of breed degradation, poor development, and decreased hair production caused by improper feeding behavior. Therefore, long haired rabbit breeders should focus on feeding and establish an effective management technology system to ensure the efficiency of long haired rabbit breeding by improving the quality of feeding and management.

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　　长毛兔常规的饲养管理要点

　　Key points for routine feeding and management of long haired rabbits

　　（一）优化圈舍环境

　　（1） Optimize the enclosure environment

　　圈舍作为长毛兔主要的饲养场地，其环境是否适宜直接影响长毛兔的生长发育，故应注意优化圈舍环境。

　　As the main breeding ground for long haired rabbits, the suitability of the environment in the enclosure directly affects the growth and development of the rabbits, so attention should be paid to optimizing the enclosure environment.

　　（1）温度。将圈舍温度控制在15～25℃，否则会影响长毛兔的产毛量。冬季可采用增添垫料或设置加热设备的方式做好保温处理，夏季采用空调、风扇、喷水、通风等措施降低圈舍温度。

　　(1) Temperature. Control the temperature of the enclosure at 15-25 ℃, otherwise it will affect the hair production of long haired rabbits. In winter, insulation treatment can be done by adding padding or setting up heating equipment. In summer, measures such as air conditioning, fans, water spraying, and ventilation can be taken to reduce the temperature of the enclosure.

　　（2） 湿度。长毛兔圈舍空气相对湿度应控制在60%～70%。（3） 光照。要求圈舍内每日光照时间达到12～16小时，但需避免阳光直射，必要时可通过布置人工光源补充光照。

　　(2) Humidity. The relative humidity of the air in the long haired rabbit enclosure should be controlled between 60% and 70%. (3) Illumination. It is required that the daily illumination time in the enclosure reach 12-16 hours, but direct sunlight should be avoided. If necessary, artificial light sources can be arranged to supplement the illumination.

　　（二）预防控制毛球病

　　（2） Prevention and control of hairball disease

　　长毛兔在饲养期间可能会出现误食兔毛的现象，若兔毛未能及时排出，则会于胃中缠结成团，诱发毛球病，若未及时则会导致长毛兔消化道阻塞，终死亡，因此长毛兔饲养期间需做好毛球病的预防工作。具体来看，可在长毛兔饲料中掺加高纤维成分，供应提摩西草等干草，促进肠道蠕动，辅助长毛兔顺利排出毛球， 还可适当提供胡萝卜叶、芹菜叶等高纤维蔬菜，增加长毛兔的纤维摄入量。此外，必要时可准备木瓜蛋白酶，将其添加长毛兔

　　Long haired rabbits may accidentally consume rabbit hair during feeding. If the rabbit hair is not expelled in a timely manner, it will tangle into clumps in the stomach, causing hairball disease. If left untreated, it can lead to gastrointestinal obstruction and ultimately death in long haired rabbits. Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive measures against hairball disease during the feeding of long haired rabbits. Specifically, high fiber components can be added to the feed of long haired rabbits, providing high-quality hay such as Timothy grass to promote intestinal peristalsis and assist in the smooth elimination of hairballs. High fiber vegetables such as carrot leaves and celery leaves can also be provided appropriately to increase the fiber intake of long haired rabbits. In addition, if necessary, papain can be prepared and added to long haired rabbits

　　饮用水或饲料中，起到分解毛发的作用，或定期使用化毛膏，帮助毛长兔润滑肠道，促进毛球排出。

　　In drinking water or feed, it plays a role in decomposing hair, or regularly using hair cream to help lubricate the intestines of long haired rabbits and promote the expulsion of hairballs.

　　（三）长毛兔兔毛管理

　　（3） Long haired rabbit fur management

　　兔毛质量决定养殖效益，故在饲养管理过程中，需通过梳毛、剪毛做好兔毛管理工作。

　　The quality of rabbit hair determines the breeding efficiency, so in the process of feeding and management, it is necessary to do a good job in rabbit hair management through combing and shearing.

　　（1） 梳毛。梳毛的目的为避免兔毛缠结，同时清洁兔毛杂质，饲养期间需将梳毛作为日常管理工作，长毛兔仔兔断奶后以14 天为间隔梳毛1 次。梳毛时，梳子需顺毛插入兔毛，由颈后部逐渐向下，到尾部后肢后从胸部梳理腿内侧，随后梳理耳毛、脸颊等。若梳毛期间发现结块现象，则需缓慢整理，不可强行梳理。

　　(1) Combing hair. The purpose of grooming is to avoid tangling of rabbit hair and clean impurities from the hair. During the feeding period, grooming should be a daily management task. Long haired rabbits should be groomed once every 14 days after weaning. When combing hair, the comb should be inserted into the rabbit hair along the hair, gradually downwards from the back of the neck, to the hind limbs of the tail, and then combed from the chest to the inside of the legs, followed by combing the ear hair, cheeks, etc. If clumping is found during combing, it should be done slowly and not forcibly combed.

　　（2）剪毛。根据长毛兔状态合理设置剪毛期，要求剪毛期处于60～90天，剪毛频率控制在每年4～5次，通过剪毛保障兔毛质量。

　　(2) Trimming hair. Reasonably set the shearing period according to the condition of the long haired rabbit, requiring a shearing period of 60-90 days and a shearing frequency controlled at 4-5 times per year to ensure the quality of rabbit hair through shearing.

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　　不同长毛兔群体的

　　Different populations of long haired rabbits

　　饲养管理技术

　　Breeding and management techniques

　　（一）仔兔饲养

　　（1） Raising young rabbits

　　仔兔的食物为母乳，饲养期间需使仔兔尽量哺足初乳，借助初乳中的免疫抗体、蛋白质提高仔兔身体机能、抗病力，同时还能促进排便，保障仔兔成活率。做好母兔、仔兔的分养工作，以防母兔伤害仔兔。在母兔、仔兔分养过程中，母兔每日早晨、夜晚各喂奶1次，定时喂养。当仔兔开眼后及时调整其采食习惯，提供嫩青草进行饲喂，适时断奶。

　　The best food for young rabbits is breast milk. During the feeding period, it is necessary to encourage young rabbits to breastfeed their colostrum as much as possible, using the immune antibodies and proteins in colostrum to improve their physical function and disease resistance. At the same time, it can also promote defecation and ensure the survival rate of young rabbits. Do a good job in the separate breeding of mother rabbits and offspring rabbits to prevent mother rabbits from harming offspring rabbits. During the process of separating mother rabbits and offspring rabbits, the mother rabbits are fed once a day in the morning and once at night, with regular feeding. After the baby rabbits open their eyes, adjust their feeding habits in a timely manner, provide tender green grass for feeding, and weaned them at the appropriate time.

　　（二）幼兔饲养

　　（2） Raising young rabbits

　　幼兔是指断奶且尚未达到3月龄的长毛兔，幼兔抵抗力相对较弱，需加强营养，每天饲喂4～5次，饲料以精料、青料为主，不可饲喂高粗纤维含量的粗硬饲料。幼兔管理期间需按照体况大小进行分笼，每笼3～4只，若存在体弱幼兔，则可单独饲养，改善其体质。当幼兔达到2月龄后可进行剪毛，剪掉乳毛可促进幼兔发育，对于体弱幼兔，剪毛时间可适当延后。

　　Young rabbits refer to long haired rabbits that have been weaned and have not yet reached 3 months of age. Young rabbits have relatively weak resistance and need to be nourished. They should be fed 4-5 times a day, mainly with concentrated and green feed, and should not be fed with high crude fiber content coarse hard feed. During the management of young rabbits, they should be divided into cages according to their physical condition, with 3-4 rabbits per cage. If there are weak young rabbits, they can be raised separately to improve their physical condition. When young rabbits reach 2 months of age, the first shearing can be carried out. Trimming milk hair can promote the development of young rabbits. For weak young rabbits, the first shearing time can be appropriately postponed.

　　（三）青年兔饲养

　　（3） Raising young rabbits

　　青年兔是指3月龄后未配种前的长毛兔，该长毛兔群体已成年，机体性能大幅提升，患病率降低。饲养期间可喂青粗料500～600克，适当添加混合精料50～70克。青年兔的饲养在于分笼饲养，需将公兔、母兔分笼，避免出现滥配、早配现象，与此同时，不作种用的公兔及时去势，可提高产毛量10%～15%。

　　Young rabbits refer to long haired rabbits from 3 months of age to before mating. This population of long haired rabbits has reached adulthood, with significantly improved physical performance and reduced disease incidence. During the feeding period, 500-600 grams of green coarse feed can be fed, and 50-70 grams of mixed concentrate can be added appropriately. The key to raising young rabbits is to keep them in separate cages. Male and female rabbits should be kept in separate cages to avoid overbreeding and early mating. At the same time, male rabbits that are not used for breeding should be castrated in a timely manner, which can increase hair production by 10% to 15%.

　　（四）种母兔饲养

　　（4） Breeding of mother rabbits

　　种母兔在长毛兔养殖饲养过程中尤为重要，需根据种母兔状态采取适宜的饲养策略。当种母兔处于空怀期时，需提供足量营养物质使其尽快复膘，可在饲料中添加少量精料与青草，同时注意观察种母兔体况，科学调整饲料中碳水化合物、蛋白质的含量。对于妊娠期的种母兔，按照1.5倍空怀期饲料营养水平进行喂养，可在基础饲料基础上添加混合精料80～100克，同时做好护理工作，确保妊娠期种母兔时刻属于良好状态。种母兔饲料时应注意预防乳房炎，当种母兔完成喂奶后需检查其乳房状态，发现硬块及时热敷、按摩。

　　Breeding mother rabbits is particularly important in the process of raising long haired rabbits, and appropriate feeding strategies should be adopted based on the status of the mother rabbits. When the breeding mother rabbit is in the empty period, sufficient nutrients should be provided to help it regain weight as soon as possible. A small amount of concentrated feed and high-quality grass can be added to the feed, while paying attention to the physical condition of the breeding mother rabbit and scientifically adjusting the content of carbohydrates and proteins in the feed. For pregnant female rabbits, they should be fed at 1.5 times the nutritional level of the empty pregnancy feed. 80-100 grams of mixed concentrate can be added to the basic feed, and proper care should be taken to ensure that the pregnant female rabbits are in good condition at all times. When feeding female rabbits, attention should be paid to preventing mastitis. After feeding female rabbits, their breast condition should be checked, and if hard lumps are found, they should be promptly hot pressed and massaged.

　　（五）种公兔饲养

　　（5） Breeding of male rabbits

　　种公兔饲养过程中，需根据其是否处于配种期来合理调整饲料配比。对于非配种期的种公兔，需使其营养水平保持中等，体况控制为不肥不瘦，每天添加适量蛋白质及维生素。同时，每天提供青绿饲料800～1000克、精饲料80～100克。对于处于配种期的种公兔，其生理负担较重，需补充营养，尤其是补充维生素、矿物质、蛋白质，提高种公兔精液质量。

　　During the breeding process of male rabbits, it is necessary to adjust the feed ratio reasonably based on whether they are in the mating period. For non breeding male rabbits, their nutritional level should be kept moderate, their physical condition should be controlled to be neither fat nor thin, and an appropriate amount of protein and vitamins should be added daily. At the same time, provide 800-1000 grams of green feed and 80-100 grams of refined feed per day. For male rabbits in the mating period, their physiological burden is heavy, and they need to be fully supplemented with nutrients, especially vitamins, minerals, and proteins, to improve the quality of their semen.

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