当长毛兔进入孕期，其生理与行为都会发生微妙变化，这段时间的精心呵护直接关系到母兔健康与仔兔存活率。从确认怀孕到迎接新生命，每个环节都需掌握科学方法，为 “兔妈妈” 打造安心的孕育环境。

　　When long haired rabbits enter pregnancy, their physiology and behavior undergo subtle changes, and careful care during this period directly affects the health of the mother rabbit and the survival rate of the offspring. From confirming pregnancy to welcoming a new life, every step requires mastering scientific methods to create a safe breeding environment for 'rabbit mothers'.

　　一、早发现：识别怀孕的 “蛛丝马迹”

　　1、 Early detection: identifying the "clues" of pregnancy

　　长毛兔怀孕周期约 30-32 天，配种后 8-10 天可进行摸胎检查：轻触母兔腹部，若能感觉到花生米大小、滑动的胚胎，基本可确认怀孕。此外，母兔怀孕后食欲明显增加，体重每周约增长 50-100 克，乳房逐渐肿胀，乳头颜色变深。需注意区分假孕现象 —— 部分母兔配种后也会出现衔草做窝行为，但腹部无胚胎，可通过多次摸胎或观察体重变化鉴别。

　　The pregnancy cycle of long haired rabbits is about 30-32 days, and the first fetal examination can be performed 8-10 days after mating: gently touch the mother rabbit's abdomen, and if you can feel the peanut sized and sliding embryo, it can basically confirm pregnancy. In addition, after pregnancy, the appetite of female rabbits significantly increases, with a weight gain of about 50-100 grams per week. The breasts gradually swell and the nipples become darker in color. Attention should be paid to distinguishing the phenomenon of false pregnancy - some female rabbits may also exhibit the behavior of carrying grass and making nests after mating, but there are no embryos in the abdomen, which can be identified by multiple fetal touches or observing weight changes.

　　二、环境关：给 “兔妈妈” 造个 “安胎房”

　　2、 Environment: Build a 'safe pregnancy room' for 'Rabbit Mama'

　　怀孕母兔对环境刺激敏感，需单独安置在安静、干燥、通风的笼舍，避免强光、噪音及频繁搬运。笼舍空间要充足，少保证 70×50 厘米的面积，防止挤压胚胎；笼底铺设柔软垫料（如干净稻草、木屑），但避免使用易缠绕的棉线。温度控制在 15-25℃，冬季做好保暖（可在笼外挂保温帘），夏季加强通风，防止高温应激导致流产。

　　Pregnant female rabbits are sensitive to environmental stimuli and should be placed separately in a quiet, dry, and ventilated cage to avoid strong light, noise, and frequent handling. The cage space should be sufficient, with a minimum area of 70 x 50 centimeters, to prevent squeezing of embryos; Lay soft padding at the bottom of the cage (such as clean straw, sawdust), but avoid using easily tangled cotton thread. The temperature should be controlled at 15-25 ℃. Keep warm in winter (by hanging insulation curtains outside the cage), and strengthen ventilation in summer to prevent miscarriage caused by high temperature stress.

　　三、饮食经：孕期营养的 “精准补给”

　　3、 Dietary Classic: Precise Supply of Nutrients during Pregnancy

　　孕早期（1-15 天）保持日常饲料量，可适当增加苜蓿草比例（占草料的 60%），补充蛋白质与钙；孕中期（16-25 天）胚胎快速发育，需提高饲料营养浓度：每公斤饲料中粗蛋白含量不低于 18%，可添加豆粕、鱼粉等，同时每日喂食 10-15 克熟黄豆（打碎后拌料）。产前 3 天减少精料，增加青绿饲料（如蒲公英、胡萝卜叶），防止母兔便秘。饮水需清洁温热，可在水中添加电解多维，增强母兔抗应激能力。

　　In the early stages of pregnancy (1-15 days), maintain daily feed intake and increase the proportion of alfalfa grass (60% of the feed) appropriately to supplement protein and calcium; During mid pregnancy (16-25 days), the embryo develops rapidly and requires an increase in feed nutrient concentration: the crude protein content in each kilogram of feed should not be less than 18%, and soybean meal, fish meal, etc. can be added. At the same time, 10-15 grams of cooked soybeans (crushed and mixed) should be fed daily. Reduce concentrated feed for 3 days before delivery and increase green feed (such as dandelion and carrot leaves) to prevent constipation in female rabbits. Drinking water should be clean and warm, and electrolytic multidimensional can be added to the water to enhance the stress resistance of female rabbits.

　　四、产前备：迎接新生命的 “硬件准备”

　　4、 Pre production preparation: hardware preparation for welcoming new life

　　临产前 5-7 天放置产箱（木质或塑料材质，规格 40×30×25 厘米），箱底铺 10 厘米厚的干净稻草，顶部覆盖毛巾保暖。产箱需提前（可用 0.1% 高锰酸钾溶液擦拭），放置在笼舍温暖角落，让母兔熟悉环境。观察母兔行为：当出现衔草做窝、频繁出入产箱、拔胸毛铺窝时，预示 48 小时内即将分娩，此时可在笼内放置红糖水（50 毫升温水 + 5 克红糖），为母兔补充体力。

　　5-7 days before delivery, place the production box (made of wood or plastic material, with a size of 40 × 30 × 25 cm), lay 10 cm thick clean straw on the bottom of the box, and cover the top with a towel to keep warm. The production box needs to be disinfected in advance (can be wiped with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution) and placed in a warm corner of the cage to familiarize the mother rabbit with the environment. Observing the behavior of female rabbits: When there is a tendency to nest with grass, frequently enter and exit the delivery box, or pull out chest hair to lay the nest, it indicates that delivery is imminent within 48 hours. At this time, brown sugar water (50 milliliters of warm water+5 grams of brown sugar) can be placed in the cage to replenish the physical strength of the female rabbits.

　　五、生产时：守护分娩的 “静默法则”

　　5、 During childbirth: The 'Silent Rule' for Guarding Childbirth

　　长毛兔分娩多在夜间或清晨，全程约 20-30 分钟，母兔会自行咬断脐带、舔净仔兔。分娩时需保持安静，禁止伸手触摸或频繁查看，以免母兔因应激拒绝哺乳甚啃食仔兔。若发现母兔产后未食胎盘（可能导致泌乳不足），可将胎盘洗净煮熟后切碎拌料喂食；若仔兔散落产箱外，需用干净手套或筷子轻轻放回，避免沾染人类气味。

　　Long haired rabbits often give birth at night or in the early morning, with a total duration of about 20-30 minutes. The mother rabbit will bite off the umbilical cord and lick the offspring on its own. During childbirth, it is necessary to maintain absolute silence and avoid touching or frequently checking to prevent the mother rabbit from refusing to breastfeed or even gnawing on the offspring due to stress. If it is found that the mother rabbit has not eaten the placenta after giving birth (which may lead to insufficient lactation), the placenta can be washed and cooked, chopped and mixed with feed; If the baby rabbits are scattered outside the litter box, they should be gently put back with clean gloves or chopsticks to avoid being contaminated with human odors.

　　六、产后护：母子健康的 “双重防线”

　　6、 Postpartum care: the "dual defense line" for mother and child health

　　产后 24 小时内检查仔兔状况：健康仔兔腹部圆润、肤色红润，挤在产箱角落；若仔兔身体发凉、叫声微弱，需立即用 38℃温水袋保温。母兔产后 3 天内易患乳房炎，每日检查乳房：若出现红肿、硬块，可用热毛巾热敷后涂抹青霉素软膏。泌乳期母兔采食量激增，需提供充足饲料（精料每日增加 150 克），并多喂多汁饲料（如胡萝卜、南瓜），促进乳汁分泌。仔兔 12 天开眼后，可在产箱内放置少量苜蓿草粉和水，引导其提前采食。

　　Within 24 hours after delivery, check the condition of the baby rabbits: healthy baby rabbits have round bellies, rosy skin, and are squeezed in the corner of the delivery box; If the body of the baby rabbit feels cold and the call is weak, it is necessary to immediately use a 38 ℃ warm water bag to keep it warm. Female rabbits are prone to mastitis within 3 days after delivery. Daily breast examinations are necessary. If redness, swelling, or lumps appear, a hot towel can be used to apply penicillin ointment. During lactation, female rabbits experience a significant increase in food intake and require sufficient feed (up to 150 grams of concentrated feed per day) as well as juicy feed (such as carrots and pumpkins) to promote milk secretion. After 12 days of eye opening, a small amount of alfalfa powder and water can be placed in the production box to guide the young rabbit to eat in advance.

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