兔兔这么可爱，上海人养不养兔兔？答案是养过，但不是作为宠物。

　　Rabbits are so cute, do Shanghai people keep rabbits? The answer is yes, but not as a pet.

　　受国际市场对兔毛需求量增大的影响，收购兔毛不断上涨，由此在20世纪80年代引发过上海养兔高潮。

　　Affected by the increasing demand for rabbit hair in the international market, the purchase price of rabbit hair continued to rise, which triggered a rabbit breeding boom in Shanghai in the 1980s.

　　据统计，在高峰的1985年，上海市郊130多万户农户，有70多万户养了兔，总饲养量在两年内从200万只猛增到1000万只。若以当时全市人口平摊，每人可摊到一只兔。

　　According to statistics, in the peak year of 1985, there were over 1.3 million households in the suburbs of Shanghai, with more than 700000 households raising rabbits. The total number of rabbits raised increased from 2 million to 10 million within two years. If the population of the whole city were evenly distributed at that time, each person could share one rabbit.

　　以青浦地区为例，1980年兔子圈存量为4.4万多只，1981年为14.3万只，到了1985年猛增到78.3万只，创历史纪录；崇明地区的养兔数据也在1985年末飙升达96万余只，创历史水平；1985年7月，当时的南汇县也成立了养兔协会，10月，南汇县养兔主管部门和南汇县养兔协会联合举办“南汇县长毛兔会”，吸引全国20多个省市、53个市县养兔同行及养兔户共6000多人参加。

　　Taking Qingpu area as an example, the stock of rabbit pens was over 44000 in 1980, 143000 in 1981, and skyrocketed to 783000 in 1985, setting a historical record; The rabbit breeding data in Chongming area also soared to over 960000 at the end of 1985, reaching a historical high level; In July 1985, the Nanhui County also established a rabbit breeding association. In October, the Nanhui County rabbit breeding department and the Nanhui County rabbit breeding association jointly held the "Nanhui County Long Hair Rabbit Trade Fair", attracting more than 6000 rabbit breeding peers and households from more than 20 provinces and cities, 53 cities and counties across the country.

　　1986年《解放日报》一篇名为《长毛兔传奇》的报道中提到：当时上海的长毛兔兔种质量全国。上海的长毛兔产毛率高、兔毛质量好，国内有28个省区市来上海买兔种，仅1985年一年中就买去了50万头。多年来，的兔毛出口在国际市场雄居。由上海口岸出口的兔毛，占了全国总出口量的1/5多，而且其中70%为特、一、二级的毛。

　　In a 1986 report titled "The Legend of the Long haired Rabbit" in the Liberation Daily, it was mentioned that Shanghai had the highest quality of long haired rabbit breeds in the country at that time. Shanghai has a high production rate and good quality of long haired rabbits. 28 provinces, regions, and cities in China came to Shanghai to buy rabbit breeds, and in 1985 alone, 500000 rabbits were bought. For many years, China's rabbit hair exports have dominated the international market. The rabbit fur exported from Shanghai Port accounts for more than 1/5 of the total export volume in China, and 70% of it is high-quality fur of special, first, and second grade.

　　仅仅一年之内，当时上海的农户中涌现了许多养兔致富的能手，“摘掉了穷帽子，造起了新房子，成了万元户”。一句句金句流传在上海农民当中：“除了金子、银子，轮下来就得算兔子”，“家养一群兔，赛过小金库”。

　　Within just one year, many skilled rabbit breeders emerged among the farmers in Shanghai, "shedding their poverty hats, building new houses, and becoming households worth tens of thousands of yuan". A series of golden sayings have been passed down among farmers in Shanghai: "Apart from gold and silver, you have to count them as rabbits when you turn the wheel", "Keeping a group of rabbits at home can compete with a small treasury".

　　有些乡村教师打了停职报告，要求回家养兔。有的养兔户的孩子一放学就扔掉作业忙于割草。在长毛兔“受宠”的阶段，喂它吃奶粉和麦乳精是平常事。“一时之际弄得市场上奶粉也紧张起来。”

　　Some rural teachers have been suspended and asked to go home to raise rabbits. Some children of rabbit farmers throw away their homework and are busy mowing the lawn as soon as they finish school. At the peak of the long haired rabbit's popularity, feeding it milk powder and malt extract is a common practice. At this moment, it made the market for milk powder also nervous

　　二

　　two

　　1938年《文汇报》的广告版面有云：“悉本市法租界姚主教路（今天平路）一七九弄一号养兔咨询社，仍畜有纯种毛用皮用兔甚多，现正廉价分让，欲谋战时生产及准备战后经济复苏者，大可从事，又闻该社并负责答复，关于养兔业务之一切咨询云。”

　　In 1938, the advertising page of Wen Wei Po stated: "We have learned from the rabbit breeding consultation agency located at No. 179 Lane, Yaochou Road (now Pinglu Road) in the French Concession of this city. There are still many purebred rabbits for fur and skin use, and they are currently being sold at a low price. Those who want to plan for wartime production and prepare for post-war economic recovery can take matters into consideration. We have also heard that the agency is responsible for responding to all inquiries regarding rabbit breeding business

　　回溯到20世纪上半叶，上海及周边地区养兔的农户不多，但养兔的历史倒一直都有。

　　Looking back to the first half of the 20th century, there were not many farmers in Shanghai and surrounding areas who raised rabbits, but the history of rabbit farming has always existed.

　　1949年的统计显示，当时的青浦全县养兔不过1700只左右，且均为食用目的。

　　According to statistics in 1949, there were only about 1700 rabbits raised in Qingpu County at that time, all of which were for food purposes.

　　崇明地区的情况也差不多，当地农户仅饲养少量肉兔。但在1940年初，崇明下三星镇西首施剑秋兴建“旭升养畜场”，从外地引进安哥拉毛兔，附近农户开始饲养少量毛兔，直到20世纪50年代末开始饲养长毛兔。但由于初良种较少，兔毛低廉，发展十分缓慢，全崇明仅300只左右。

　　The situation in Chongming area is similar, with local farmers only raising a small number of meat rabbits. But in early 1940, Shi Jianqiu, the head of Xiasanxing Town in Chongming, built the "Xusheng Livestock Farm" and introduced Angora wool rabbits from other places. Nearby farmers began to raise a small number of wool rabbits until the late 1950s when they began to raise long haired rabbits. However, due to the initial scarcity of good breeds and the low price of rabbit hair, development was very slow, with only about 300 rabbits in Chongming.

　　南汇地区倒是把养兔算入当地农民的传统养殖业之一，但养的是以食用为主要目的的白兔。20世纪50年代，南汇从外省市引进青紫兰和力克斯兔种饲养，有的农户还将上述兔种与当地白兔杂交，繁殖饲养杂种肉兔。到1954年，兔肉进入国际市场，上海口岸经营冻兔肉出口，肉兔有了发展。1957年和1958年两年，当时的南汇全县收购肉兔20多万只。1966年，全县肉兔存栏量20多万只，是历史上肉兔养殖多的年份。

　　The Nanhui region does include rabbit farming as one of the traditional animal husbandry practices of local farmers, but they mainly raise white rabbits for food purposes. In the 1950s, Nanhui introduced Qingzilan and Rex rabbit breeds from other provinces and cities for breeding. Some farmers even crossbred these rabbit breeds with local white rabbits to breed and raise hybrid meat rabbits. By 1954, Chinese rabbit meat entered the international market, and the Shanghai port operated frozen rabbit meat exports, leading to the development of meat rabbits. In 1957 and 1958, Nanhui County purchased over 200000 meat rabbits. In 1966, there were over 200000 meat rabbits in the county, which was the year with the highest number of meat rabbits raised in history.

　　在1959年到1961年，困难时期，猪肉供应紧缺，郊区一些农户纷纷养兔，以兔肉替代猪肉，养兔业有了较大发展。不过，到“文化大革命”初期，养兔又被当作“资本主义尾巴”而遭到禁止。

　　From 1959 to 1961, during a difficult period for the country, there was a shortage of pork supply. Some farmers in the suburbs raised rabbits and replaced pork with rabbit meat, leading to significant development in the rabbit farming industry. However, in the early stages of the Cultural Revolution, raising rabbits was banned as a "capitalist tail".

　　总而言之，当时上海及周边地区农户就算养兔，也是以养肉兔为主。

　　In summary, at that time, even if farmers in Shanghai and surrounding areas raised rabbits, they mainly raised meat rabbits.

　　1999年，《解放日报》报道青浦县农民家的兔子一窝产下6只小白兔。

　　In 1999, Liberation Daily reported that a farmer's rabbit in Qingpu County gave birth to six small white rabbits in one litter.

　　三

　　three

　　改革开放春风唤醒申城的同时，也唤醒了郊区的致富经。

　　The spring breeze of reform and opening up not only awakened Shanghai, but also awakened the prosperity of the suburbs.

　　从1983年开始，长毛兔，国际上统称安哥拉毛兔的养殖，成为市郊副业。这次养兔热潮是为了兔毛。

　　Since 1983, the breeding of Angora rabbits, also known internationally as Angora rabbits, has become the primary sideline in suburban areas. This rabbit raising craze is for rabbit fur.

　　随着特级毛的收购价从70元、85元猛涨到100元，在高价刺激下，农村掀起饲养毛兔热。

　　With the purchase price of premium wool skyrocketing from 70 yuan and 85 yuan to 100 yuan, stimulated by high prices, there has been a craze for raising wool rabbits in rural areas.

　　1984年在沪全国人大代表在上海郊区调研时了解到：“上海县养兔户顾林兴，家养800只长毛兔，已出售兔毛500多斤，还可出售500多斤，全年可得净收入1.2万多元。他们致富以后，带动了周围群众共同致富。”要知道，这可是20世纪80年代的一万元！

　　In 1984, while conducting research in the suburbs of Shanghai, a representative of the National People's Congress learned that Gu Linxing, a professional rabbit farmer in Shanghai County, owned 800 long haired rabbits. He had sold more than 500 pounds of rabbit hair and could still sell over 500 pounds, earning a net income of over 12000 yuan for the whole year. After they became wealthy, they led the surrounding people to become prosperous together. It should be noted that this was 10000 yuan in the 1980s!

　　当时，上海郊区各县纷纷从政策上鼓励扶持发展多种经营户。如青浦地区，当时凡符合户标准的，都由县政府发给“多种经营户优惠证”，允许请适量帮手，允许土地转包，允许购买生产运输车船，户正当经营收入不受侵犯。

　　At that time, various counties in the suburbs of Shanghai encouraged and supported the development of diversified professional households through policies. In the Qingpu area, at that time, anyone who met the standards of a professional household was issued a "diversified business professional household preferential certificate" by the county government, allowing for the hiring of appropriate helpers, land subcontracting, and the purchase of production and transportation vehicles and ships. The legitimate operating income of professional households was not infringed upon.

　　在浦东三林公社，一个生产队里53户人家中的43户都养起了长毛兔。

　　In Sanlin Commune, Pudong, 43 out of 53 households in a production team have raised long haired rabbits.

　　在川沙县六里乡，金秋时节举办赛兔会。“从全乡农户中精选出来的67只长毛兔参加了比赛。技术熟练的姑娘表演了剪毛技术。比赛会现场剪毛、现场评比、现场议价、现场收购付款，吸引了更多的养兔农户。”

　　In Liuli Township, Chuansha County, a rabbit race is held during the golden autumn season. 67 long haired rabbits selected from farmers in the entire township participated in the competition. Skilled girls demonstrated their shearing techniques. The competition included on-site shearing, on-site evaluation, on-site negotiation, and on-site purchase and payment, attracting more rabbit farmers

　　在金山地区，1985年长毛兔圈存量达43.94万只，交售兔毛22.23万斤，产值1348.30万元，创历史水平。

　　In the Jinshan area, in 1985, the stock of long haired rabbit pens reached 439400, with 222300 kilograms of rabbit hair sold and a production value of 13.483 million yuan, setting a historical high.

　　当年，各地纷纷成立毛兔协会，举办赛兔会，开办技术讲座，加强技术辅导。1985年同济大学出版社下乡送书时，除了带去《建筑施工》《建筑工程制图》，还带上了《怎样养好长毛兔》，“送下乡供干部、技术人员和农民踊跃购买”。

　　Back then, various regions established rabbit associations, held rabbit racing events, held technical lectures, and strengthened technical guidance. In 1985, when Tongji University Press sent books to the countryside, in addition to "Construction" and "Architectural Engineering Drawing", they also brought "How to Raise Long haired Rabbits", which were "sent to the countryside for cadres, technical personnel, and farmers to actively purchase".

　　由于养长毛兔的经济价值实在爆热，连不法分子都对养兔户眼红到伸出贼手。单1984年第四季度一个季度，“郊区十个县被盗长毛兔五千余只，价值十五万余元。”

　　Due to the extremely high economic value of raising long haired rabbits, even criminals are so jealous of rabbit owners that they are reaching out to steal their hands. In the fourth quarter of 1984 alone, more than 5000 long haired rabbits worth over 150000 yuan were stolen from ten suburban counties

　　南汇县大团乡农民刘林根饲养的种兔在乡养兔评比中获奖，不料，次日就失窃长毛兔31只，价值1200余元。该县公安局接到报案后，组织干警奔赴现场进行侦查，很快就将3名窃贼抓获。松江县养兔承包户刘某，在1984年12月4次被窃长毛兔26只，县公安局组织力量守候伏击，当窃贼再次作案时，被公安人员和联防队员当场捉住。为此，报纸还专门配发评论：针对郊区时常发生的偷窃户长毛兔的行为，应“群起而攻之”。

　　Liu Lingen, a farmer from Datuan Township in Nanhui County, won a prize in the rabbit breeding competition. Unexpectedly, 31 long haired rabbits worth more than 1200 yuan were stolen the next day. After receiving the report, the county public security bureau organized police officers to rush to the scene for investigation and quickly arrested three thieves. Liu, a professional rabbit farmer in Songjiang County, was robbed of 26 long haired rabbits four times in December 1984. The county public security bureau organized forces to wait and ambush. When the thief committed another crime, he was caught on the spot by public security personnel and joint defense team members. For this reason, the newspaper also issued a special commentary: in response to the frequent theft of professional households' long haired rabbits in the suburbs, a collective attack should be launched.

　　四

　　four

　　然而，仅隔一年，国际市场兔毛滞销，下跌，曾多达一万名的在市郊走街串户收购兔毛的小贩瞬间销声匿迹。

　　However, just one year later, rabbit fur was unsold in the international market, with prices falling. The once 10000 street vendors who had been buying rabbit fur in the suburbs disappeared instantly.

　　崇明地区的长毛兔，从历史水平的1985年96万余只直线下降，1994年末仅剩6万余只。1986年，南汇的养兔达到历史水平，年存栏量113万只，产兔毛60万公斤，居全国。到了1988年末，南汇全县毛兔存栏量下降42万只。1986年金山的养兔量，直接跌到只有4000多只。

　　The number of long haired rabbits in Chongming area has plummeted from the historical high of over 960000 in 1985 to only over 60000 by the end of 1994. In 1986, the rabbit breeding in Nanhui reached its highest level in history, with an annual inventory of 1.13 million and a production of 600000 kilograms of rabbit hair, ranking first in the country. By the end of 1988, the inventory of rabbits in Nanhui County had decreased to 420000. In 1986, the number of rabbits raised in Jinshan dropped directly to just over 4000.

　　供求关系失衡，兔毛蜂拥而来，收购站资金成问题，仓储成问题，连人手也成问题。毛价贱了，农民称之为“压级压价”；来不及收，农民斥之为“关门拒收”。有的“养兔户肚里有气了，把兔子捉来活活摔死在收购站门口，有的让兔子溺死河中，任其腐烂发臭。也有于心不忍的，便将一只只小兔子流放田野……”。

　　The imbalance between supply and demand, the influx of rabbit hair, the problem of funding for national procurement stations, storage, and even manpower. The gross price has become cheap, and farmers call it "cutting down on grades and prices"; Unable to harvest in time, farmers denounced it as "closing the door and refusing to accept". Some rabbit farmers get angry and catch the rabbits alive and throw them to death at the entrance of the purchasing station. Some drown the rabbits in the river and let them rot and smell. There are also those who cannot bear it and exile them one by one in the fields.

　　当时的记者敏锐地从中捕捉到：“长期以来我们习惯了计划经济的主观经营思想，还不能及时地适应市场调节的经济工作。”

　　The journalist at that time keenly captured it: "For a long time, we have been accustomed to the subjective management ideas of planned economy, and we have not been able to adapt to the economic work regulated by the market in a timely manner

　　“我国出口兔毛本应在数量、时机、质量等方面灵活地按照市场经济的节奏安排出口……据了解，1985年春季，国际市场的兔毛已出现滞销苗子，但这个信息因各方继续竞收兔毛而无法反馈到养兔户。其次，我们对国内流通环节，缺乏灵活及时的调节手段……再次，没有重视开发国内市场，没有重视协助工业部门形成加工兔毛系列产品的能力。”

　　Our country's export of rabbit hair should have been flexibly arranged according to the rhythm of the market economy in terms of quantity, timing, and quality... It is understood that in the spring of 1985, there were signs of unsold rabbit hair in the international market, but this information could not be fed back to rabbit farmers due to continued competition for rabbit hair. Secondly, we lacked flexible and timely adjustment measures for the domestic circulation link... Thirdly, we did not attach importance to developing the domestic market and assisting the industrial sector in forming the ability to process rabbit hair series products

　　兔兔从爆热到遇冷，或许也是那个时代，上海市郊与市场经济正面相逢后，需要应对的课。

　　Rabbit Rabbit's transition from explosive heat to encountering cold may also be the first lesson that Shanghai's suburbs need to deal with after facing the market economy head-on during that era.

　　本文由  蒙阴长毛兔 友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  http://www.myxinhua.com/  真诚的态度.为您提供为的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

　　This article is contributed by the friendship of Mengyin Long haired Rabbit For more related knowledge, please click http://www.myxinhua.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.