蒙阴长毛兔的预防

Prevention of Rabbit Disease

长毛兔属于小动物，以笼养为主，其抵抗力不如牛、羊和猪强。而且长毛免疾病种类繁多，包括传染病、寄生虫病等，其中传染病危害严重。这些疾病往往可大批发生，发病率和死亡率均很高，严重时可导致全群死亡，给养免生产造成巨大的经济损失。为了保障养免生产的发展，提高养免的经济效益，养免必须要坚持「预防为主」的方针，否则，一旦出现疫情就显得十分被动。因此，加强长毛兔疾病日常预防工作，采取综合性预防措施，控制免病发生是保障免群健康发展和提高生产效益的重要措施。

Long haired rabbits are small animals mainly raised in captivity, and their resistance is not as strong as that of cows, sheep, and pigs. Moreover, there are various types of long hair immune diseases, including infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, etc., among which infectious diseases pose the most serious harm. These diseases can often occur in large numbers, with a high incidence rate and mortality rate, which can lead to the death of the whole population in serious cases, and cause huge economic losses in food supply and free production. In order to ensure the development of vaccination production and improve its economic benefits, vaccination must adhere to the principle of "prevention first". Otherwise, once an epidemic occurs, it will appear very passive. Therefore, strengthening the daily prevention of diseases in long haired rabbits, adopting comprehensive preventive measures, and controlling the occurrence of diseases are important measures to ensure the healthy development of the immune population and improve production efficiency.

饲养管理

Feeding management

加强饲养管理，是增强长毛兔机体抵抗疾病能力、防止传染病发生的重要措施。在饲养过程中应该做好以下工作。

Strengthening feeding management is an important measure to enhance the disease resistance ability of long haired rabbits and prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases. The following tasks should be done well during the breeding process.

1.分群饲养，实施科学饲喂的方式

1. Group feeding and implementing scientific feeding methods

应按长毛兔的年龄、性别分群饲养，成年长毛免，尤其是公兔应该单笼饲养。由于长毛兔白天除采食外，多静伏于笼内，夜间却十分活跃，采食也频繁，因此，要根据长毛兔的生活习性喂食。为防止夜间精料被老鼠偷吃及由此可导致饲料被污染而有潜在发生传染病的可能，早晨喂精料应是日粮的 1/3，傍晚喂日粮的2/3，中午和夜间各喂1次青绿饲料。

Long haired rabbits should be raised in groups according to their age and gender. Adult long haired rabbits, especially male rabbits, should be raised in single cages. Due to the fact that long haired rabbits are mostly quiet in their cages during the day, except for feeding, they are very active at night and frequently feed. Therefore, feeding should be based on the living habits of long haired rabbits. To prevent mice from stealing night time feed and potentially causing contamination of the feed, which could lead to the risk of infectious diseases, feed 1/3 of the daily feed in the morning, 2/3 of the daily feed in the evening, and green feed once at noon and once at night.

长毛兔是草食动物，应以青粗饲料为主精料为辅，所以饲料配方应按长毛兔所需营养成分合理搭配。由于一年四季饲料的原料种类不同，所以在变换饲料时要逐步过渡，可以先更换1/3，间隔几天再更换 1/3，大约在 10 天更换结束，并要做到定时、定量，只有这样才可能使长毛兔的消化机能逐渐适应变换的饲料，避免由于突然更换饲料而引起长毛免的消化道疾病等。

Long haired rabbits are herbivores and should be fed mainly with green roughage and supplemented with refined feed. Therefore, the feed formula should be reasonably matched according to the nutritional requirements of long haired rabbits. Due to the different types of raw materials used in feed throughout the year, it is necessary to gradually transition when changing feed. One third of the feed can be changed first, and then another third can be changed every few days. The replacement should be completed in about 10 days, and it should be done regularly and quantitatively. Only in this way can the digestive function of long haired rabbits gradually adapt to the changed feed, avoiding digestive diseases such as long haired immunity caused by sudden changes in feed.

2.注意饮水、饲草和饲料的卫生

2. Pay attention to the hygiene of drinking water, forage and feed

水是所有动物机体所不可缺少的重要成分，因为水可帮助动物对吃进体内食物的消化、营养物质的吸收，把营养物质运送到身体各个组织器官，还有助于新陈代谢产生的废物和有害物质的排泄以及调节体温、保持体温的稳定。当长毛免体内出现不同程度的缺水时，就会发生各种各样的疾病。夏季气温很高，长毛免更离不开水，因长毛兔身上缺少汗腺，靠呼吸散发体内的热量，呼吸越快，呼出的水汽越多，此时长毛免若得不到水的补充，就容易中暑。母兔在分娩过程中消耗很多水分，若此时母免得不到水分，就会发生吃仔免现象。

Water is an essential component of all animal bodies, as it helps animals digest food they consume, absorb nutrients, transport nutrients to various tissues and organs, excrete waste and harmful substances produced by metabolism, regulate body temperature, and maintain temperature stability. When there is varying degrees of dehydration in the long haired immune system, various diseases can occur. In summer, the temperature is very high, and long haired rabbits cannot do without water. Due to the lack of sweat glands on their bodies, long haired rabbits rely on breathing to dissipate heat from their bodies. The faster they breathe, the more water vapor they exhale. At this time, if long haired rabbits do not receive water supplementation, they are prone to heatstroke. During childbirth, female rabbits consume a lot of water. If the mother does not have enough water at this time, it can lead to the phenomenon of feeding offspring without proper hydration.

母免哺乳期要分泌大量乳汁，若体内缺水，会使乳汁过浓，仔兔吮吸不畅，仔兔若咬破母兔的乳头而使其感染葡萄球菌，可使母兔患乳腺炎，又会导致仔兔发生黄尿病。在饲养过程中也常见一些长毛免精神委顿，食欲不振，粪便干燥、粗糙，这是轻度缺水造成的。有的粪便细硬，形似赤豆，或幼免粪便细小似人丹，这说明长毛兔已严重缺水。对水质的要求，不要喂河塘的不洁水或非流动水。若无自来水，可以用井水。夏天在饮水中可添加 0.5%食盐，切忌在冬季饮用冰水。

During the lactation period, the mother needs to secrete a large amount of milk. If there is a lack of water in the body, the milk will be too thick, making it difficult for the baby rabbit to suckle. If the baby rabbit bites through the mother rabbit's nipple and becomes infected with Staphylococcus aureus, it can cause the mother rabbit to suffer from mastitis and lead to the baby rabbit developing jaundice. During the feeding process, it is also common for some long haired animals to experience mental fatigue, loss of appetite, dry and rough feces, which are caused by mild dehydration. Some feces are fine and hard, resembling red beans, or the feces of young rabbits are small and resemble human pills, indicating that long haired rabbits are severely dehydrated. The requirement for water quality is not to feed unclean or non flowing water to rivers and ponds. If there is no tap water, well water can be used. Add 0.5% salt to drinking water in summer, and avoid drinking ice water in winter.

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