一、采毛前准备与健康评估

1、 Preparation and health assessment before hair harvesting

科学采毛的首要环节是建立完善的健康评估体系，采毛前72小时需对兔群进行系统性体检，监测体温（正常范围38.5-39.5℃）、呼吸频率（35-60次/分钟）及粪便形态，排除皮肤病患者（真菌感染率超过5%的个体应隔离）。环境准备方面，采毛室需维持温度20-24℃、相对湿度50-60%的稳定环境，配备可调节高度的防滑操作台和专用采毛灯具（光照强度500-800lux）。工具采用三级处理流程：先用75%酒精浸泡剪毛器械30分钟，再经紫外线照射20分钟，用纱布擦拭，确保微生物残留量≤50CFU/cm²。特别值得注意的是，采毛前15天应调整饲料配方，增加含硫氨基酸（蛋氨酸≥0.6%）和维生素B族（B1≥2mg/kg）的供给，这对提高毛纤维强度和弹性模量具有显著作用。

The primary step in scientific hair collection is to establish a comprehensive health assessment system. 72 hours before hair collection, a systematic physical examination of the rabbit population is required, with a focus on monitoring body temperature (normal range of 38.5-39.5 ℃), respiratory rate (35-60 times/minute), and stool morphology, to exclude patients with skin diseases (individuals with fungal infection rates exceeding 5% should be isolated and treated). In terms of environmental preparation, the hair collection room needs to maintain a stable environment with a temperature of 20-24 ℃ and a relative humidity of 50-60%. It should be equipped with an adjustable height anti slip operating platform and dedicated hair collection lamps (with a light intensity of 500-800lux). The tool disinfection adopts a three-level treatment process: first soak the shearing instrument in 75% alcohol for 30 minutes, then irradiate it with ultraviolet light for 20 minutes, and finally wipe it with sterilized gauze to ensure that the residual microbial amount is ≤ 50CFU/cm ². It is particularly noteworthy that the feed formula should be adjusted 15 days before harvesting to increase the supply of sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine ≥ 0.6%) and vitamin B group (B1 ≥ 2mg/kg), which has a significant effect on improving the strength and elastic modulus of wool fibers.

二、分级采毛技术体系

2、 Graded hair harvesting technology system

现代养兔场采用ABC三级采毛法，A级毛（长度≥6cm）采用拔毛工艺，操作者左手固定皮肤皱褶，右手拇指与食指呈45°角顺毛向快速拔取，每次提取不超过100根毛丛，此法制得的兔毛鳞片完整率达98%以上；B级毛（3-6cm）使用气动剪毛机，刀头温度控制在40℃以下，保留0.5cm底绒作为保护层，剪切频率设定在2000次/分钟可限度减少毛纤维断裂；C级毛（＜3cm）则通过真空吸毛系统回收，经静电分选后作为工业用毛原料。关键控制点在于分区操作：先采背部（单次采量不超过体表30%），再采体侧，处理腹部，每个区域间隔7-10天轮采，确保皮肤修复周期。设备如德国产VS-300型兔毛采集系统，配备压力传感器和温度反馈装置，可将采毛应激反应降低60%。

Modern rabbit farms adopt the ABC three-level hair collection method, and A-level hair (length ≥ 6cm) is extracted using the hair pulling process. The operator fixes the skin folds with the left hand and quickly pulls out the hair in the direction of the right hand thumb and index finger at a 45 ° angle. Each extraction does not exceed 100 hair bundles, and the integrity rate of rabbit hair scales obtained by this method is over 98%; B-grade wool (3-6cm) is cut using a pneumatic shearing machine, with the blade temperature controlled below 40 ℃ and 0.5cm of bottom wool retained as a protective layer. The cutting frequency is set at 2000 times per minute to minimize fiber breakage; C-grade wool (<3cm) is recovered through a vacuum suction system and used as industrial wool raw material after electrostatic sorting. The key control point lies in the zoning operation: first collect samples from the back (with a single collection volume not exceeding 30% of the body surface), then collect samples from the side of the body, and finally process the abdomen. Each area is sampled at 7-10 day intervals to ensure a skin repair cycle. Professional equipment such as the German made VS-300 rabbit hair collection system, equipped with pressure sensors and temperature feedback devices, can reduce hair collection stress response by 60%.

三、采后护理与品质控制

3、 Post harvest care and quality control

采毛完成后立即进行创面处理，使用含0.1%聚维酮碘的温敷剂（38-40℃）轻拭采毛区，随后涂抹维生素E乳液（浓度5%）促进毛囊修复。环境管理方面，采毛后48小时内需保持舍温恒定（波动≤2℃），饮水中添加电解质（钠0.1%+钾0.05%+葡萄糖2%）。毛纤维处理采用"四步分拣法"：先经振动筛除去杂质（筛网孔径0.3mm），再通过光电色选机分级（白度分级达12个等级），接着用静电吸附装置分离粗毛（直径＞30μm）和细毛（直径14-30μm），进行微生物检测（细菌总数≤10⁴CFU/g）。兔毛的验收标准包括：纤维长度变异系数＜15%、断裂强度≥3.5cN/dtex、回潮率11-13%，每批次需留存200g样品置于恒温恒湿箱（20℃±1，65%RH±3%）进行为期30天的储存稳定性测试。

After wool picking, the wound surface shall be treated immediately, and a warm compress containing 0.1% povidone iodine (38-40 ℃) shall be used to gently wipe the wool picking area, and then vitamin E lotion (concentration 5%) shall be applied to promote hair follicle repair. In terms of environmental management, it is necessary to maintain a constant room temperature (fluctuation ≤ 2 ℃) within 48 hours after harvesting, and add electrolytes (sodium 0.1%+potassium 0.05%+glucose 2%) to drinking water. The wool fiber processing adopts the "four step sorting method": first, impurities are removed through a vibrating screen (screen aperture 0.3mm), then graded by a photoelectric color sorter (whiteness grading up to 12 levels), followed by the separation of coarse wool (diameter>30 μ m) and fine wool (diameter 14-30 μ m) using an electrostatic adsorption device, and finally microbial detection (total bacterial count ≤ 10 ⁴ CFU/g). The acceptance criteria for high-quality rabbit hair include: coefficient of variation of fiber length<15%, breaking strength ≥ 3.5cN/dtex, moisture regain 11-13%, and 200g of samples per batch must be retained and stored in a constant temperature and humidity chamber (20 ℃± 1, 65% RH ± 3%) for 30 days of storage stability testing.

四、数据化管理系统

4、 Data management system

建立个体采毛档案，记录每次采毛量（精确到0.1g）、毛丛密度（单位面积毛囊数）及生长速度（mm/天），通过大数据分析确定采毛间隔（安哥拉兔通常75-90天）。智能监测系统实时采集环境参数（氨气浓度＜10ppm、风速0.1-0.3m/s）与采毛效率（熟练工人每小时处理15-20只），自动生成采毛效益分析报告（包含毛料、伤残率等12项指标）。研究表明，采用本技术体系可使毛产出率提升40%（达85%以上），同时将皮肤损伤率控制在0.5%以下，显著提高养殖经济效益。

Establish an individual hair collection file, recording the amount of hair collected each time (accurate to 0.1g), hair clump density (number of hair follicles per unit area), and growth rate (mm/day), and determine the optimal hair collection interval (usually 75-90 days for Angora rabbits) through big data analysis. The intelligent monitoring system collects real-time environmental parameters (ammonia concentration<10ppm, wind speed 0.1-0.3m/s) and wool harvesting efficiency (skilled workers process 15-20 per hour), and automatically generates a wool harvesting benefit analysis report (including 12 indicators such as wool yield and disability rate). Research has shown that using this technology system can increase the yield of high-quality wool by 40% (up to 85% or more), while controlling the skin damage rate below 0.5%, significantly improving the economic benefits of aquaculture.

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